# Using shinytest2 with R packages

For R packages that have Shiny applications, there are generally two ways that the applications will be present in the package. The first is to have an `app.R` in a subdirectory of `inst/`. The second way is to have a function which returns a Shiny app object.

> 🚧 Using `{chromote}` in CRAN tests

> `{chromote}` utilizes the Google Chrome application installed on testing machines, which can change over time. CRAN has requested that no package utilize `{chromote}`’s functionality when testing on CRAN. This is because the package may not work as expected if the version of Google Chrome changes.

> To address this, `{shinytest2}` will call `testthat::skip_on_cran()` when creating an `AppDriver` during CRAN testing.

> To learn more about CRAN’s reasoning and how to test your package using CI, please visit `{chromote}`’s Using `{chromote}` in CRAN tests.

## Applications defined in another file

Placing your Shiny application in a subdirectory of `inst/` is a common and clean way to include Shiny applications in R packages.

    /
    ├── DESCRIPTION
    ├── NAMESPACE
    ├── R
    ├── inst
    │   └── sample_app
    │       ├── app.R
    └── tests
        ├── testthat
        │   ├── _snaps
        │   │   └── sample_app
        │   │       └── 001.json
        │   └── test-sample_app.R
        └── testthat.R

When recording tests for this application, `record_test()` will save the test files in the package’s `tests/testthat/` directory. This doesn’t clutter the application directory with test files and leverages existing package testing infrastructure for a unified testing experience.

Within each test file, supply the application directory to `AppDriver$new()`. For example, in `tests/testthat/test-sample_app.R`, you would have:

    # File: tests/testthat/test-sample_app.R
    library(shinytest2)

    test_that("sample_app works", {
      # Don't run these tests on the CRAN build servers
      skip_on_cran()

      appdir <- system.file(package = "exPackage", "sample_app")
      app <- AppDriver$new(appdir, name = "sample_app")

      app$expect_values()
    })

If the application directory is not meant to be public, it can also be located in `./tests/testthat/apps`. `{shinytest2}` does this with many application and has `appdir` above point to the relative path to the application. `app_dir <- testthat::test_path("apps/sample_app")`.

## Applications using a function

Some packages, such as `{golem}`, provide a function that runs or returns a shiny application. In this case, you can create a wrapper function to perform two actions: load the package via `library()` or `require()` and returns/runs an app. For example, if your package is named `mypkg`, your package structure may look like:

    /
    ├── .Rbuildignore
    ├── DESCRIPTION
    ├── NAMESPACE
    ├── R
    │   └── run-app.R
    └── tests
        ├── testthat
        │   ├── _snaps
        │   │   └── app-function
        │   │       └── 001.json
        │   └── test-app-function.R
        └── testthat.R

and the function that runs the app is `run_app()`, you can pass in functions defined within your R package directly to `AppDriver$new()`:

    # File: tests/testthat/test-app-function.R
    library(shinytest2)

    test_that("mypkg app initial values are consistent", {
      # Don't run these tests on the CRAN build servers
      skip_on_cran()

      app <- AppDriver$new(run_app, name = "mypkg-app")

      app$expect_values()
    })

This works as `{shinytest2}` recognizes that the `run_app` function is part of the local package. When running a local package methods, `{shinytest2}` will call the method within the scope of your local R package in the the background process.

The specially handled function is functionally equivalent to defining a wrapper function that loads the package and calls `run_app()`:

    # File: tests/testthat/test-app-function.R
    library(shinytest2)
    run_mypkg_app <-

    test_that("mypkg app initial values are consistent", {
      # Don't run these tests on the CRAN build servers
      skip_on_cran()

      app <- AppDriver$new(name = "mypkg-app", function() {
        library(mypkg)
        run_app()
      })

      app$expect_values()
    })

When using a function to initialize the `AppDriver`, `{shinytest2}` will automatically call `pkgload::load_all()` when you execute `library(<pkg>)` or `require(<pkg>)` to load your dev package, `<pkg>`, in the background R process. Currently, only the local dev package can be loaded. Similar to `{mirai}`, there is also no carryover from the testing environment to the supplied function execution within the background R process. All packages may need to be `library()`’ed again!

## Application objects

The third way have an application in an R package is by having a function that returns a Shiny application object. App objects being supplied directly to `AppDriver$new()` are to be considered for quick testing / confirmation of targeted behavior. For more complex applications, it is recommended to use one of the other two approaches described above as not all global variables and contexts are preserved when serializing the app object.

In this example, there’s a function `hello_world_app()`, which lives in `R/app-object.R`:

    /
    ├── .Rbuildignore
    ├── DESCRIPTION
    ├── NAMESPACE
    ├── R
    │   └── app-object.R
    └── tests
        ├── testthat
        │   ├── _snaps
        │   │   └── app-object
        │   │       └── 001.json
        │   └── test-app-object.R
        └── testthat.R

The function simply returns an object from `shinyApp()`:

    # File: R/app-object.R

    dt <- datasets::cars

    hello_world_app <- function() {
      shinyApp(
        ui = fluidPage(
          sliderInput("n", "n", 1, nrow(dt), 10),
          plotOutput("plot")
        ),
        server = function(input, output) {
          output$plot <- renderPlot({
            plot(
              head(dt, input$n),
              xlim = range(dt[[1]]),
              ylim = range(dt[[2]])
            )
          })
        }
      )
    }

Once we have the object, it can be supplied directly to `AppDriver$new()`.

    # File: tests/testthat/test-app-function.R

    test_that("hello-world app initial values are consistent", {
      # Don't run these tests on the CRAN build servers
      skip_on_cran()

      shiny_app <- hello_world_app()
      app <- AppDriver$new(shiny_app, name = "hello")

      app$expect_values()
    })

To help create tests, you can call `record_test()` on your shiny application object directly. Unfortunately, the test file will not be able to be saved. Instead, the test commands can be copied into a test script manually.

## Other setup steps

There are a few steps that are needed for both types of tests.

It is recommended to call `shinytest2::use_shinytest2()` to enable different test config set-ups.

You will need to add `{shinytest2}` to the `Suggests` section in your `DESCRIPTION` file.

    Suggests:
        shinytest2

When all of these items are in place, you can test your package using `testthat::test_local()` or by running `R CMD check` on your package. If you are using the RStudio IDE, you can also run Build -> Test Package or Build -> Check Package.

`{shinytest2}` no longer requires that your package to be installed when testing. It will load from your local path. `testthat::test_local()` (and related wrappers) eventually call `pkgload::load_all()` to temporarily source the local R package in the foreground for unit testing. `{shinytest2}` has made the stance that App authors must call `library(<pkg>)` or `require(<pkg>)` on their package within their App. This ensures that the package is loaded in the background R process that runs the Shiny application. When `library*()` is called, `{shinytest2}` will automatically execute `pkgload::load_all()` to load the package’s source code.

## How should I test multiple applications?

Given you have multiple applications / app functions in your package, you can create multiple test files in `tests/testthat/`, one for each application. Each test file can create its own `AppDriver` instance for the specific application being tested.

It is not recommended to utilize `test_app("path/to/app")` within package testing as we want the tests to be controlled by the package’s `testthat` infrastructure. This allows for more flexibility and control over how your applications are tested while your current package’s testthat infrastructure.

Good: * Supply a function from within your package to `AppDriver$new()` and test within your package’s `testthat::test_that()` tests. * Supply an application directory within your package to `AppDriver$new()` and test within your package’s `testthat::test_that()` tests. Bad: * Call `test_app("path/to/app")` within your package’s `testthat::test_that()` tests.

This keeps your snaps all in one place and not scattered across multiple application directories.

## Migrating from shinytest v0.4.0 to v0.5.0

Previously, it was encouraged to store tests within the application directory itself. This made sense when applications were primarily standalone. However, for R packages, it is more idiomatic to store tests in the `tests/testthat/` directory and utilize an app that is defined elsewhere (either in `inst/` or another directory).

Previous file structure:

    /
    ├── DESCRIPTION
    ├── NAMESPACE
    ├── R
    ├── inst
    │   └── sample_app
    │       ├── app.R
    │       ├── R
    │       │   └── helpers.R
    │       └── tests
    │           ├── testthat.R
    │           └── testthat
    │              ├── setup-shinytest2.R
    │              └── test-sample_app.R
    └── tests
        ├── testthat.R
        └── testthat
            └── test-other-things.R

Previous `test-sample_app.R`:

    library(shinytest2)

    test_that("sample_app works", {
      app <- AppDriver$new(name = "sample_app")

      app$expect_values()
      expect_equal(app$get_value("input$n"), helper_value)
    })

It is now recommended to store all tests in `tests/testthat/` and have the application defined elsewhere. This keeps the application directory clean and leverages existing package testing infrastructure for a unified testing experience.

New file structure:

    /
    ├── DESCRIPTION
    ├── NAMESPACE
    ├── R
    ├── inst
    │   └── sample_app
    │       ├── app.R
    │       ├── R
    │           └── helpers.R
    └── tests
        ├── testthat.R
        └── testthat
            ├── test-other-things.R
            └── test-sample_app.R

New `test-sample_app.R`:

    library(shinytest2)
    test_that("sample_app works", {
      appdir <- system.file(package = "exPackage", "sample_app")
      local_app_support(appdir)

      app <- AppDriver$new(appdir, name = "sample_app")

      app$expect_values()
      expect_equal(app$get_value("input$n"), helper_value)
    })

Since we have moved the tests out of the application directory, we need to ensure that any supporting files (like snapshots) are still accessible. When testing only an application, the premise is similar to a package where all supporting files should be available in the testing environment. However, within a package, the application is a means to test the package and should not automatically load supporting files into the entire testing environment, possibly causing conflicts with other Shiny applications or tests.

To address this, we use `local_app_support(appdir)` to temporarily link the necessary support files from the application directory to the test environment. This ensures that the tests can access the required snapshots and other supporting files without cluttering the application directory itself.

## Continuous integration

If you would like your package to be tested with every commit, you can set it up with GitHub Actions. Please see Using shinytest2 with continuous integration for inspiration.